What hormone does the adrenal cortex release as part of a chronic stress response?

The adrenal cortex plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress, particularly chronic stress. It releases cortisol, which is often referred to as the "stress hormone." Cortisol is instrumental in various physiological processes that help the body manage stress. It helps regulate metabolism, reduces inflammation, and influences immune responses. During periods of chronic stress, cortisol levels remain elevated, supporting the body's ongoing need for energy and the maintenance of bodily functions in the face of prolonged challenges.

In contrast, aldosterone is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance, while adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) is secreted by the adrenal medulla during acute stress responses rather than chronic ones. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels but is not directly involved in the stress response. Therefore, cortisol is the hormone that specifically characterizes the adrenal cortex's response during chronic stress situations.