Which gland produces growth hormone and regulates the rest of the endocrine glands?

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it produces several key hormones, including growth hormone (GH), which plays a crucial role in growth and metabolism. The pituitary gland regulates the function of other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive glands, through the release of specific hormones that signal these glands to produce their own hormones.

By controlling and coordinating the activities of these glands, the pituitary gland helps maintain homeostasis and facilitate physiological responses in the body. Growth hormone specifically is vital for growth during childhood and adolescence and also influences muscle and bone growth, metabolism, and overall bodily function in adults. Thus, the pituitary gland's central role in both hormone production and regulation of the endocrine system makes it the correct answer in this context.